SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Image denoising based on approximate solution of fractional Cauchy-Euler equation by using complex-step method243251314710.22099/ijsts.2015.3147ENR. W. IbrahimFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Malaya, 50603, MalaysiaH. A. JalabFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Malaya, 50603, MalaysiaJournal Article20140916
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The complex-step derivative approximation is applied to compute numerical derivatives. In this study, we propose a new formula of fractional complex-step method utilizing Jumarie definition. Based on this method, we illustrated an approximate analytic solution for the fractional Cauchy-Euler equations. Application in image denoising is imposed by introducing a new fractional mask depending on such a solution. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906The effect of conduction band nonparabolicity on binding energy of a GaAs quantum dot embedded at the center of a Ga1-xAlxAs nano-wire253258314810.22099/ijsts.2015.3148ENGh. SafarpourZarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, IranM. MoradiDepartment of Physics, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, IranM. A. IzadiZarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, IranM. NovzariZarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, IranE. NiknamZarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, IranJournal Article20140318 <br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">The effects of conduction band nonparabolicity, aluminum concentration and external electric field on the charge density and binding energy of an on-center hydrogenic donor impurity in a spherical quantum dot which is located at the center of a cylindrical nano-wire are studied. The energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions are calculated using finite difference approximation within the effective mass framework. The results reveal that the binding energies (I) decrease as the electric field increases, (II) become negligible for large values of electric field, (III) increase as the aluminum concentration increases and (IV) the conduction band nonparabolicity has a noticeable effect on the binding energy, and hence should be taken into account. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Synthesis of some new polycyclic aromatic monocyclic β-lactams259265314910.22099/ijsts.2015.3149ENA. JarrahpourDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, IranM. NazariDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, IranJournal Article20141109
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In this paper the synthesis of some new polyaromatic monocyclic β-lactams has been reported. These cycloadducts have been synthesized by the [2+2] ketene-imine cycloaddition reaction known as the Staudinger reaction. All of the products have been fully characterized by IR, </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">H-NMR, </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">13</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">C-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The X-ray crystal structure of a cis β-lactam has been also presented. The cycloaddition reaction was found to be totally diastereoselective leading exclusively to the formation of the </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">cis</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">-β-lactams for </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">3c-e, 3g, 3i-k, 3p </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">and the rest were found to be totally </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">trans. </span></span></em>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Ribosomal DNA intracellular journey and the new upcoming ribosomal organelle267272315010.22099/ijsts.2015.3150ENM. StuparUniversity of Belgrade, Vinca Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Department of
Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, SerbiaV. VidovicUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Novi Sad, SerbiaD. LukacUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Novi Sad, SerbiaJournal Article20131202
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is 16,569 base pairs (bp) in length, coding for 37 genes. During the course of evolution, nearly all the genes expressing ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) genes have been transferred from the mitochondria to the nucleus. However, mitochondrial DNA contains two ribosomal RNAs genes (12S and 16S), which have not yet transferred to the nucleus. These two, should, soon or later, end up in the nucleus. What does the future likely hold for these genes? In the nucleus everything has already been prepared, since all of the ribosomal protein genes are now chromosomally encoded, and nucleolar organizers, the nucleolus, and 45 rDNA are developed waiting for 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes to join them, thus enabling the formation of the third DNA-containing organelle, the ribosomal compartment. What could be the reason for this major event in the existence of life on Earth as it is currently understood? The advent of the ribosomal organelle will likely have an enormous impact on reproductive characteristics and on intellectual (thoughts, abstract and complex ideas, imagination, dreams, spirit) activity of the brain. Could this be the answer to the question: Are humans still evolving? </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Environmental impacts on the ichnofossil diversity of the lower part of the Elika Formation (Lower Triassic), Moro Mountain, NW Iran273280315110.22099/ijsts.2015.3151ENN. AbbassiDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 38791–45371, IranR. ShabanianDepartment of Geology, University of Payam Nor, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, IranR. Hamede GolparvarDepartment of Geology, University of Payam Nor, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, IranJournal Article20141024
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Early Triassic carbonate ramp sediments of the lower part of the Elika Formation are known as Vermicular limestone. In the Moro Mountain, northwest Iran, the Vermicular limestone includes bioturbated dolomitic mudstone, bioclastic packstone and grainstone, algal calcirudite and intraclastic grainstone. These sediments accumulated in their lower part in open marine subtidal and shoal environments, changing upward to lagoonal and intertidal environments. Heavily bioturbated gray mudstone formed under quiet water conditions in lagoon and lower intertidal environments. Storm processes and high salinity indicative of an arid environment influenced the activities and distribution of euryhaline and/or opportunistic trace-makers. The low biodiversity of the trace-maker community is reflected by the low ichno-diversity, the sole trace fossil being abundant </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">Planolites</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Numerical solution of the Rosenau equation using quintic collocation B-spline method281288315210.22099/ijsts.2015.3152ENRasoul AbazariDepartment of Mathematics, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, IranReza AbazariDepartment of Mathematics, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, IranJournal Article20140422
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In this paper , the quintic B-spline collocation scheme is employed to approximate numerical solution of the KdV-like Rosenau equation . This scheme is based on the Crank-Nicolson formulation for time integration and quintic B-spline functions for space integration . The unconditional stability of the present method is proved using Von- Neumann approach . Since we do not know the exact solution of the nonlinear KdV-like Rosenau equation , a comparison between the numerical solutions on a coarse mesh and those on a refine mesh is made to show the efficiency of discussed method. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Generalized double sinh-Gordon equation: Symmetry reductions, exact solutions and conservation laws289296315310.22099/ijsts.2015.3153ENG. MagalakweSchool of Computer, Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, North-West University,
Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 2520, Republic of South AfricaB. MuatjetjejaInternational Institute for Symmetry Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Department of Mathematical Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046,
Mmabatho 2735, Republic of South AfricaC. M. KhaliqueInternational Institute for Symmetry Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Department of Mathematical
Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046,
Mmabatho 2735, Republic of South AfricaJournal Article20140924
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">This paper aims to study a generalized double sinh-Gordon equation, which appears in several physical phenomena such as integrable quantum field theory, kink dynamics and fluid dynamics. Lie symmetry analysis together with the simplest equation method is used to obtain exact solutions for this equation. Moreover, we derive conservation laws for the equation by using two different approaches, namely, the direct method and the new conservation theorem due to Ibragimov. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Fabrication of non-doped red organic light emitting diode using naturally occurring Curcumin as a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) emitting layer with very low turn-on voltage297304315410.22099/ijsts.2015.3154ENM. N. Soltani RadShiraz University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 71555-313, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
2Shiraz University of Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, P.O. Box 71555-313, Shiraz 71557-13876, IranM. T. SharbatiShiraz University of Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, P.O. Box 71555-313, Shiraz 71557-13876, IranS. BehrouzShiraz University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 71555-313, Shiraz 71557-13876, IranA. R. NekoeiShiraz University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 71555-313, Shiraz 71557-13876, IranJournal Article20141005
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The fabrication of a non-doped red organic light-emitting device (OLED) has been developed using naturally occurring curcumin as an emissive layer of OLED. In this research, the electroluminescent spectrum (EL) of curcumin as a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) chromophore was obtained at wavelength of 612 nm. Also, the maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQE) for this device was measured and found to be 0.029 %. The device was characterized by low driving voltage below 1 V at a current density of 7 mA/cm</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. High color purity with Commission International de l’Eclairage coordinates was measured and found to be (0.544, 0.441). Quantum mechanical calculations were achieved base on DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory to rationalize the optical properties, indicating the optimized energy and computing the HOMO-LUMO values. Good conformity was observed between theoretical and experimental data. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906New records of Rhodothemis rufa (Rambur, 1842) and Lamelligomphus biforceps (Selys 1878) (Odonata: Anisoptera) from Pakistan with redescription of L. biforceps (Selys 1878)305309315510.22099/ijsts.2015.3155ENM. T. ChaudhryAgricultural Training Institute, Karor, District LayyahA. U. MohsinDepartment of Entomology, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, RawalpindiR. A. JavedAgricultural Training Institute, Karor, District LayyahA. ZiaNational Insect Museum, NARC, IslamabadI. BodlahDepartment of Entomology, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, RawalpindiJournal Article20131215 <br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">The current status and distribution of the dragonflies (Anisoptera) of Pakistan were studied during 2005-2009. Two dragonfly species were identified for the first time from Pakistan. Among these, </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">Rhodothemis rufa </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">is a red, medium-sized dragonfly. </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">Lamelligomphus biforceps </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">is also reported for the first time from Pakistan and re-described owing to having minor taxonomic differences from that of Fraser’s description. Some notes on the color, literature records and geographical distributions are summarized. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Inhibitory effect of some benzothiazole derivatives on corrosion of mild steel: A computational study311324315610.22099/ijsts.2015.3156ENM. DehdabDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan,
P. O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, IranM. ShahrakiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan,
P. O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, IranS. M. Habibi-KhorassaniDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan,
P. O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, IranJournal Article20141212
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Inhibitory Effect of three benzothiazole derivatives (1, 3-benzothiazol-2-amine (BTA), 6-methyl-1, 3-benzothiazol-2-amine (MBTA) and 2-amino-1, 3-benzothiazole-6-thiol (TBTA)) on corrosion of carbon steel has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) method in gas and aqueous phases. Quantum chemical parameters such as E</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">HOMO </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(highest occupied molecular orbital energy), E</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">LUMO </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), hardness (η), polarizability (</span><span style="font-family: Cambria Math,Cambria Math; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria Math,Cambria Math; font-size: xx-small;">α</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">), surface area and total negative charges on atoms (TNC) have been calculated at the B3LYP level of theory with 6-311++G** basis set. The Mulliken charges of the molecules were also computed and Atoms-in-Molecule (AIM) method suggested the Fe-inhibitor interactions in these compounds are partially covalent and partially electrostatic. In good agreement with the experimental data, theoretical results showed the order of inhibitory efficiency is TBTA > MBTA > BTA. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Temperature effects of an asymmetry quantum dot qubit under an applied electric field325330315710.22099/ijsts.2015.3157ENJing-Lin XiaoInstitute of Condensed Matter Physics, Inner Mongolia National University, Tongliao 028043, ChinaJournal Article20140620
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">We study the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the ground and first excited states (GFES) of an electron strongly coupled to the LO-phonon in an asymmetry quantum dot (AQD) under an applied electric field by using a variational method of the Pekar type (VMPT). This AQD two-level system may be viewed as a single qubit. When the electron is in the superposition state (SS) of the GFES, the effects of the electric field and temperature on the oscillating period (OP), the time evolution of the electron’s probability density (PD) and the coherence time (CT) are obtained. Our numerical results show that the electron’s PD and its OP will increase (decrease) with increasing temperature in low (high) temperature regime. The electron’s PD will decrease (increase) with increasing electron-phonon (EP) coupling strength in low (high) temperature regime. The OP is an increasing function of the electric field and will decrease obviously (increase tardily) with increasing EP coupling strength when the temperature is in lower (higher) rgime. The CT is an increasing function of the electric field, but a decreasing function of the coupling strength. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150901Heterologous expression of chit36 gene from Trichoderma atroviride in canola reduces development of lesion caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum331339315810.22099/ijsts.2015.3158ENR. Golijani MoghadamNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, IranM. Yazdanpanah-SamaniNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, IranM. R. ZamaniNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, IranM. MotallebiNational Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, IranJournal Article20150201 <br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">An endochitinase gene (</span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">chit</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">36) was isolated from the biocontrol fungus </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">Trichoderma atroviride</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. Chit36 was overexpressed under the CaMV35S constitutive promoter in canola. Transformation of cotyledonary petioles was achieved via </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. The insertion of transgene was verified by PCR and DNA dot blotting. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the transgenic canola was able to express </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">chit</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">36 gene. Also, we used a transgenic over-expression approach in order to investigate antifungal activity of expressed </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">chit</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">36 on </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">Sclerotiana sclerotiorum</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. Antifungal activity was detected in crude protein extracts from transgenic canola using radial diffusion assay. Also, lesion sizes of transgenic canola by </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">S. sclerotiorum </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">were significantly retarded compared to non transgenic canola plant using detached leaf assay. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Effects of lead pollution on soil and plants around the powered generators341343315910.22099/ijsts.2015.3159ENS. M. A. HamdyEnvironmental Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqA. H. M. J. Al ObiadyEnvironmental Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqA. A. M. Al MashhadyEnvironmental Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20141228
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Because of the everyday use of power generators in Iraq, which exist in residential neighborhoods, it is necessary to study the impact on soils and plants surrounding areas of those generators. Lead is one the most heavy metals released especially, as a result of the combustion of diesel fuel during operation of the powered generators. However, a study was conducted to investigate the lead concentration in soils and Bitter orange leaves affected by powered generators. Forty-eight soil s and sixteen plant samples were collected nearby and around the powered generators. It was found that soil and plant samples that fall under the influence of more than one generator exhibit higher concentration of lead than the soil and plant samples collected from the sites affected by one generator only, also the geographical location of the area in terms of the proximity of other pollutants, such as roads and factories in addition to the movement of wind are all factors that affect the concentration of lead in the soil and thus in the plant located there. </span>SpringerIranian Journal of Science2731-809539320150906Gravitational radiation of a 3d harmonic oscillator in f (R) gravity345347316010.22099/ijsts.2015.3160ENA. AjabshirizadehIslamic Azad University, College of Science, Department of Physics, Tabriz-Branch, Tabriz, IranB. Nadiri NiriResearch Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha (RIAAM) Maragha, Iran, P. O. Box: 55134-441
& Iranian space agency, 34, Sayeh St. Vali-Asr Av. Tehran, Iran, Fax: 22039193-94Journal Article20140518<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">The energy loss of a 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator due to the quadrupole radiation in quadratic </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">f </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(R) </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">gravity</span></span>
is calculated.