Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 SYNTHESIS AND DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF CALIX(6)ARENE HYDROXAMIC ACIDS 1 8 2778 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2778 EN Y. K. AGRAWAL Institute of Pharmacy and Science, Nirma University of Science and Technology Sarkhej-Gandinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, India, 380 009 P. SATISH KUNJI Institute of Pharmacy and Science, Nirma University of Science and Technology Sarkhej-Gandinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, India, 380 009 Journal Article 2003 05 06 Calix(6)arene hydroxamic acids (III) are synthesised for the first time by reacting calix(6)arene acid chloride(II) with substituted hydroxylamines at low temperature in the presence of sodium bicarbonate. The p-carboxycalix(6)arene(I) is obtained by an acid catalysed condensation reaction of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and formaldehyde. These calixarenes are characterised by melting point, UV, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectra. The thermodynamic ionization constants of calixarene hydroxamic acids have been determined by a pH titration technique in dioxane-water media.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 AN HRP STUDY OF LOCALIZATION AND TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPPING OF THE MOTONEURONS SUPPLYING THE RAT SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE 9 17 2779 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2779 EN B. JAMEIE Department of Anatomy, Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Neuroscience Division, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Express Way, Tehran, I. R. of Iran H. MATSUMOTO Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan S. KITAMURA Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan Journal Article 2003 06 17 Shoulder movements are a complex motor act, controlled by many muscles attached to the scapula and the vertebral column. These muscles are innervating by motoneurons (Mns) located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Motoneurons of the ventral horn are arranged such that several groups of Mns can be distinguished in a transverse section through the spinal cord. The anatomical or functional implication of these groups is still unknown. The present research was designed to determine the location and topographical mapping of Mns to the rat serratus anterior (SA) muscle. Thirty young adult male rats weighing 180-250g were used in this study. The location and distribution of the Mns in the rat cervical spinal cord to the serratus anterior (SA) muscle of the rat have been studied using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) intramuscular injection and the application of a HRP nerve dipping method to the long thoracic nerve. Following the intramuscular injection of HRP and also a nerve dipping for the long thoracic nerve, labeled motoneurons were identified ipsilaterally to the side of HRP application forming two main cell columns extended rostrocaudally in the ventral horn of both sides. The column G5 extended longitudinally from the caudal half of the fifth (C5) to the rostral half of the seventh (C7) cervical segments in group five. The column G7, located mainly in the rostral half of the C7 in group seven. The serratus anterior labeled motoneurons showed a rostrocaudal somatotopic distribution in each of the columns G5 and G7. These results suggest that there is a specific functional role for motoneurons, and also that motoneurons are arranged in the form of a motor pool with a musculotopic pattern of distribution corresponding to the embryonic origin and anatomical position of the muscles they innervate to.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 EFFECT OF EPHEDRINE ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FAT-TAILED SHEEP 19 27 2780 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2780 EN M. J. ZAMIRI Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. of Iran A. KARIMI Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2002 10 21 The effect of daily oral administration of ephedrine (0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 mg kg-1 W0.75) on carcass characteristics of forty-four 2 yr old crossbred (Mehraban x Ghezel) fat-tailed ewes was studied. The ewes were fed a fattening ration, and received ephedrine by using a drenching gun for either 50 or 70 days. There was a significant interaction (P<0.05) between the dose and duration of the ephedrine treatment for crude protein and ether extract (crude fat) of the carcass meat (dry matter basis), leg meat and Longissimus dorsi area at the 12th rib. On day 70, ephedrine at a dose of 8 mg kg-1 W 0.75, resulted in an increase of 21.5% in crude protein, and a decrease of 16% in ether extract contents of the carcass meat (dry matter basis) as compared with the control group (P<0.05). After 70 days, all doses of ephedrine significantly increased the cross sectional area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, as compared with the control ewes. The weight of leg meat as a percentage of slaughter weight was significantly increased on day 70 at 8 mg kg-1 W0.75. The data showed that ephedrine increased the protein, and decreased the fat content of the meat in crossbred fat-tailed ewe; a daily oral dose of 8 mg kg-1 W 0.75, administered for 70 days, was effective in changing carcass chemical composition.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 EFFECTS OF ADDED NUTRIENTS ON DRY MASS, AFDM, CHLOROPHYLL a AND BIOVOLUME OF PERIPHYTON ALGAE IN ARTIFICIAL STREAMS 29 38 2781 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2781 EN M. SHARIFI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Baghabrisham, Kermanshah, 67149, I. R. of Iran, M. GHAFORI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Baghabrisham, Kermanshah, 67149, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 09 30 We studied the role of nutrients on various aspects of the periphyton community in artificial streams. Dry mass, ash-free dry mass, chlorophyll a and biovolume of the periphyton community were measured under 3 different nutrient regimes, including one from natural streams as a control and two which were enriched with N and N+P. Results of this experiment indicate that the standing crop of the periphyton community in the artificial streams increased with increasing the amount of the nutrient. Also, we showed that diatom diversity was affected by increasing the nutrients concentrations. The periphyton dry mass following 23 days of experiment was 0.96, 1.4 and 3.52 mg/cm2 for control, N and N+P artificial streams, respectively. Ash-free dry mass (AFDM) of the periphyton community for control, N and N+P treatment were 0.2, 0.98 and 1.04 mg/cm2, respectively. The experiment also depicted that the periphyton chlorophyll a increased with increasing the nutrient content in the artificial streams (for control, N and N+P enriched artificial streams, the chlorophyll a content was 2.11, 2.20 and 6.36 mg/m2respectively). The total diatom biovolume as a measure of standing crop in the periphyton community was 6x106, 8x106 and 48x106 μm3/cm2 for control, N and N+P enriched artificial streams, respectively. Results of this experiment demonstrated that adding nutrient increases the relative abundance of Navicula, Achnanthes, Nitzschia and Cocconies in artificial streams.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 THE EFFECTS OF UV-A, UV-B AND UV-C ON PROTEIN AND ASCORBATE CONTENT, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF SCREENING COMPOUNDS IN BRASSICA NAPUS 39 48 2782 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2782 EN F. NASIBI Biology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I. R. of Iran KH. M-KALANTARI Biology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 10 17 The role of the antioxidant defense system was studied in Brassica napus, and subjected to different supplementary bands of ultraviolet radiation (UV-A, UV-B and UV-C). This study showed that UV-B and UV-C induced oxidative stress as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation and total ascorbate content. Under UV-B and UV-C treatments, flavonoids and anthocyanins were increased significantly compared with control and UV-A treated plants. These compounds act as internal filters and also have an antioxidant activity against active oxygen species such as H2O2. Results of this research showed that the protein content increased under UV-B and UV-C. These increments are probably related to the synthesis of defense proteins such as HSP, the expression of genes that are encoding the antioxidant enzymes, or those which contribute in UV-absorbing compound synthesis pathways such as PAL, CHS and CHI.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 CHARACTERIZATION OF MERCAPTOBENZIMIDAZOLE ADSORPTION ON AN Au(111) ELECTRODE 49 63 2783 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2783 EN M. G. HOSSEINI Electrochemistry Laboratory Research, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Tabriz University, I. R. of Iran, T. SHAHRABI Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, I. R. of Iran R. J. NICHOLS Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, England Journal Article 2004 01 13 The adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) on Au(111) has been studied with cyclic voltammetry (CV), in-situ subtractively normalised interfacial FT-IR spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Although adsorbed 2-MBI reduces the interfacial capacity and quenches the characteristic features of the cyclic voltammogram for sulfate adsorption, heterogeneous electron transfer to both the [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- and [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ redox systems is only partially impeded. Cyclic voltammetry has also been used to examine the reductive desorption of the thiolate in KOH electrolytes and its subsequent re-adsorption. From the reductive desorption charge, coverage of 2-MBI of 2.6 x 10-10 molecule cm-2 is estimated and this points to a flat-lying configuration of the monolayer, in agreement with a previous XPS study. The SNIFTIRS and electrochemical results show that adsorbed 2-MBI is displaced from the surface at positive potentials. STM imaging of adsorbed 2-MBI is also consistent with flat-lying molecules aligned in parallel rows.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 ISOENZYME CHARACTERIZATION OF IRANIAN LEISHMANIA ISOLATES FROM CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS 65 70 2784 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2784 EN G. R. HATAM Department of Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I. R. of Iran M. RIYAD Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, 19, Street Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco, 20006 M. BICHICHI Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, 19, Street Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco, 20006 S. H. HEJAZI Department of Parasitology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. of Iran N. GUESSOUS-IDRISSI Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, 19, Street Tarik Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco, 20006 S. ARDEHALI Department of Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 06 21 During the period from 1996 to 1997, 45 isolates of Leishmania were recovered from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and one from a gerbil. These specimens were received from various parts of Iran. Isoenzyme profiles of these isolates were compared with those of reference strains of L.tropica, L.major and L.infantum using cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) and 10 enzyme systems (MDH,ME, NH1, NH2, PGM, GPI, 6PGD, GOT, SOD and G6PD). The isolate obtained from the gerbil was characterized as L.major. From the patients with CL, 27 isolates were characterized as L.tropica, 10 as L.major and 8 remained undetermined.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM STREPTOMYCES AUREOFACIENS: LIGAND-INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL CHANG 71 78 2785 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2785 EN B. HAGHIGHI Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. of Iran A. M. AGHATABAR Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. of Iran GH. SHAHSAVARI Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2015 02 23 Some kinetic properties of NAD+- and NADP+- dependent glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) purified from streptomyces aureofaciens were studied. Both NADH and NADPH inhibited the enzyme competitively and noncompetitively, with respect to the corresponding coenzymes and glucose 6-phosphate, respectively. ATP inhibited the NAD+ - linked reaction but not that of the NADP+- linked activity. The inhibition was competitive with respect to NAD+ and noncompetitive with respect to glucose 6-phosphate. Km values were 0.14 mM for NAD+ and 0.075 mM for NADP+. Similar Km values (0.75-0.79 mM) were obtaind for glucose 6-phosphate using either NAD+ or NADP+ as a coenzyme. The optimum pH was 6.6 for NAD+- and 7.4 for NADP+- dependent activity. Maximum protein fluorescence was increased by NAD+ (49%) and NADP+ (8%). Among bivalent cations studied, Cu2+ decreased NAD+- linked activity (40%), but increased the NADP+- linked reaction (10%). Ni2+ did not affect NAD+- linked, but stimulated NADP+- linked activity. Other cations such as Zn2+ and Mn2+ also differently affected the two reactions. The data suggested that binding of NAD+ and NADP+ produces a different conformational change in S. aureofaciens G6PD or an isomerisation process regulates coenzyme utilization.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL PYTHIUM SPECIES IN FARS PROVINCE OF IRAN 79 87 2786 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2786 EN R. MOSTOWFIZADEH-GHALAMFARSA Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. of Iran Z. BANIHASHEMI Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 08 23 During 2000-2001, soil Pythium species were studied in Fars province. Soil samples were collected from various parts of the province (Abadeh, Bajgah, Bayza, Borazjan, Darab, Estahban, Fasa, Khafr, Sepidan, Shiraz, Moharloo, and Zarghan). Isolates were recovered from soil by baiting. Species were identified based on morphological characters of sexual and asexual organs, growth rate at different temperatures, and colony morphology on various media. From 270 isolates of Pythium recovered, 12 species and two groups were identified as: P. aphanidermatum*, P. aquatile, P. deliense, P. diclinum, P. echinulatum, P. inflatum, P. okanoganense, P. oliganderum, P. orthogonon, P. ostracodes, P. rostratum, P. vexans, Pythium Group “G”*, and Pythium Group “HS”* (species with asterisk were predominant). P. aquatile, P. diclinum, P. echinulatum, P. inflatum, P. okanoganense, P. oliganderum, P. orthogonon, P. ostracodes, P. rostratum, and P. vexans are new for Fars, and P. aquatile, P. echinulatum, P. inflatum, P. okanoganense, P. orthogonon, P. ostracodes, and P. rostratum are new for Iran flora. A key is also presented for identification of Fars Pythium species.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 TAXONOMIC STUDY OF CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) LARVAE OF ZAYANDEHROOD RIVER, IRAN, AND EFFECTS OF SELECTED ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THEIR ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION 89 105 2787 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2787 EN M. EBRAHIMNEZHAD Biology Department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, I. R. of Iran F. FAKHRI Biology Department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2002 09 14 To date, no comprehensive study has been carried out on the chironomid larval identification in running waters of the country, in particular in large rivers. Therefore, this article is the first of its kind in Iran that has come out in English. Samples were collected in 9 sites from the Zayandehrood River a distance of 230 Km down the Zayandehrood dam. The sampling was repeated four times: November 1998, February, May and August 1999. The samples were hand sorted in the laboratory and the larvae were identified to generic level, using available identification keys. To study the effects of sites and seasons, and selected ecological factors on chironomid larval abundance and distribution, data were analysed using a two way ANOVA. Twenty seven genera were identified in three subfamilies including 14 in Chironominae, 9 in Orthocladiinae and 4 in Tanypodinae, from which 20 genera are reported from the Zayandehrood River, Iran, for the first time. The results also revealed that the mean number of the larvae was significantly different according to sites (P < 0.001) and seasons (P < 0.001). The velocity, depth and substrate showed no significant effects on the larval abundance, but vegetation cover did, significantly.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 ARMA MODELLING OF ARTIFICIAL ACCELEROGRAMS FOR WESTERN IRAN 107 116 2788 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2788 EN S. M. FATEMI AGHDA Department of Geology, Tarbiat Moallem Univ., Tehran, I. R. of Iran A. J. GANDOMI Department of Geology, Tarbiat Moallem Univ., Tehran, I. R. of Iran A. BEITOLLAHI Department of Eng. Seismology, BHRC, Tehran, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 11 08 The Artificial Accelerograms have been developed for assessing the dynamic response of structures. Considering seismological properties of the site are necessary for the best simulation of accelerograms. The real recorded accelergrams for simulating earthquake phenomenon are used in the Arma model. This is due to the fact that the Arma model can be considered more advantageous than the others. In this paper, 25 recorded accelerograms are used for simulating accelerograms of a dam site in Hamedan province in western Iran. The parameters which are used in the stationary transformation are related to the physical parameters (eg. magnitude, epicentral distance and duration) via a regression analysis. To generate Artificial Accelerogram, the physical parameters enter the Arma model, therefore the output would be a stationary time history adjusted with recorded accelerograms. The generated stationary time history is changed into a non-stationary time history from the amplitude and frequency point of view.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOUGH FOR PASTAS 117 122 2789 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2789 EN P. M. ALBARRACIN Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, National University of Tucuman, Argentina D. PAZ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, National University of Tucuman, Argentina Journal Article 2002 11 13 Protein content and its effect on the quality of fresh pastas, obtained from dough prepared with different formulas: semolina, wheat flour, gluten, wheat bran and soybean proteins, were evaluated in this paper. Tests were carried out in the laboratory using raw materials from the same batch national origin. Raw materials were mixed in an auxiliary kneading machine with a 500 g -capacity. The dough was then stretched and cut manually into long strings of spaghettis of 2 mm- diameter. The following parameters were analysed in 7 different doughs: a) Protein content, b) Humidity, c) Solid content in the cooking water d) Sensorial analysis: colour, aroma, flavour and solidity. Results showed that the best dough samples, from a sensorial point of view, had the following composition: 1) “000”-flour: 85% and gluten: 15%, and 2) “000”-flour: 60%, semolina: 30% and gluten: 15%. The highest percentage of proteins was determined in these types of dough. The soybean flour addition was not satisfactory, considering the characteristics of aroma and flavour. Neither was the wheat bran addition, since it altered the texture of the dough, not being appetizing for the consumer.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 THE EFFECTS OF GOSSYPOL ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN NMRI MICE 123 133 2790 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2790 EN A. AMINI Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Developmental Biology Razi University, Kermanshah, I. R. of Iran F. KAMKAR Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Developmental Biology Razi University, Kermanshah, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 02 03 Infertility is a relatively common problem among couples, and Gossypol, a yellowish pigment detected in cottonseed, is one cause. Adult NMRI mice (25-35 gr) were used in this study. The animals were kept in standard conditions with a dark and light cycle of 12:12, controlled humidity and temperature, food and water were available adlibitium. Gossypol was dissolved in ethanol and diluted by sunflower oil as a vehicle (0.5: 4.5), and were used orally (13.425 mg/kg per day) for 15 days. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment. The factors compared among these groups were testis and epididymis length and weight, sperm length and count and also histological differences. Statistical analysis by One Way ANOVA revealed that: Gossypol causes a 69.33% & 67.22% decrease in the sperm number compared to control & sham groups, respectively. It also causes a 29.63% decrease in the epididymal weight, and changes in the histological structure of the testis. In conclusion, although gossypol may be a good antifertility agent, it should be handled more cautiously. Furthermore, the usage of cottonseed oil in snacks should be limited and those field/factorymen who have contact with cotton should be more careful.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 STRUCTURAL AND IONIC BOND STRENGTH INVESTIGATION USING PAULING ESB RULES OF NONSTOCHIOMETRIC SPINEL COMPOUNDS LixMn2O4 AND STOICHIOMETRIC Li1+yMn2-yO4, AS CATHODE MATERIALS FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 135 141 2791 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2791 EN M. ALAVI 1Department of Chemistry, University of Esfahan, I. R. of Iran E. M. KELDER Laboratory for Applied Inorganic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands J. SCHOONMAN Laboratory for Applied Inorganic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Journal Article 2001 12 17 In this paper we present our studies using Pauling electrostatic bond strength (ESB) rules for structural behaviour, cation vacancies, relation between x, y, and the valence of cations and coordination in spinel compounds LixMn2O4, 0<x<1 and Li1+yMn2-yO4, 0<y<1/3, which are of interest as the positive electrodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 MORPHOLOGICAL MALFORMATIONS IN LIMBS AND SKELETAL STRUCTURES INDUCED BY RETINOIC ACID IN MOUSE EMBRYO (NMRI) 143 150 2792 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2792 EN A. AMINI Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Laboratory of Developmental Biology Razi University, Kermanshah, I.R. of Iran M. NAJAFI MEHR Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Laboratory of Developmental Biology Razi University, Kermanshah, I.R. of Iran M. R. SAFAEE SHIRAZI Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Laboratory of Developmental Biology Razi University, Kermanshah, I.R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 04 12 Retinoic acid (RA) plays a key role in pattern formation along the major body axis and limb formation during vertebrate development. Exposure to excessive retinoic acid (in uterus) generates congenital malformations in limbs, craniofacial, CNS, urogenital, heart, and axial skeletons. In these studies, seven groups of NMRI pregnant mice were administered a single gavage dose of 100 mg /kg body weight; All-trans-retinoic acid dissolved in DMSO at days 9, 10, and 11 of gestation (groups 2, 4, 6), DMSO at days 9, 10, and 11 (groups 1, 3, 5) and left (control group) untreated. Animals were sacrificed at day 18 of gestation via cesarean. Half of the total numbers (n=115) of fetuses were randomly selected for histological studies, using hematoxylin-eosin methods, and others were used to study the skeletal defects. It was demonstrated that embryonic exposure to RA reveals that on day 9, 37 % of forelimbs and 31% of hindlimbs have some abnormalities, and on days 10 and 11, 100% show defects on craniofacial, vertebral column, ribs and limbs.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 THE INFLUENCE OF HYDRAZINE HYDRATE IN THE PREPARATION OF LEAD SULFIDE THIN FILM 151 162 2793 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2793 EN M. SASANI GHAMSARI 1Solid State Laser Division, Laser Research Center, AEOI, Tehran, I. R. of Iran, 11365-8486, M. KHOSRAVI ARAGHI Air Force Research Center, Tehran, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 11 25 In this paper a chemical deposition procedure for the preparation of lead sulfide thin film is presented. The details of the preparation method are described. The influence of hydrazine hydrate on the microstructure and deposition rate of lead sulfide thin film has been investigated. The concentration of the lead ions in the deposition bath decreases more slowly when the hydrazine hydrate is added. In the presence of hydrazine hydrate the predominance of (111) as the orientation of film growth is established. Optical absorption spectra, AFM and SEM micrograph have shown that the film was formed from nanometer grains.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 GEOTHERMOBAROMETRY OF Al2SiO5-BEARING METAPELITES IN THE ARDARA AUREOLE, NW IRELAND: AN IMPLICATION FOR P-T STABILITY FIELD OF ALUMINIUM SILICATE POLYMORPHS 163 179 2794 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2794 EN S. M. HOMAM Faculty of Earth Sciences, Damghan University of Sciences, Cheshmeh-Ali Road, Damghan, I. R. of Iran. Journal Article 2003 12 15 Andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite occur in well-defined zones in the Ardara aureole, NW Ireland. Temperature and pressure conditions of the Al2SiO5-bearing pelites in this aureole were estimated using ten different calibrations of garnet-biotite thermometry and five calibrations of garnetplagioclase- Al2SiO5-quartz barometry. The different calibrations provide different estimates of temperature and pressure. However, using the most recent, and the best reversed experimental data give temperatures varying from 510 to 605 ºC, and a pressure of around 4 kbar across the Ardara aureole. The calculated temperatures for the analyzed samples are compared with published andalusite=sillimanite equilibria, and these equilibria are evaluated in the Ardara aureole.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 ADSORPTIVE IMMOBILIZATION OF MICROSOMAL MEMBRANES 181 187 2795 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2795 EN A. SEGHATOLESLAM 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 71345-1167, Shiraz, I. R. of Iran M. NEMAT-GORGANI Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 13145-1384, Tehran, I. R. of Iran M. VESSAL Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 71345-1167, Shiraz, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2002 09 04 In this article, the immobilization of microsomal membranes on Fractosil and hexadecyl Fractosil by hydrophobic adsorption is reported. Microsomes were prepared from rat brain and the catalytic activity of antimycin A insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase (NCCR), one of the membrane bound enzymes in the microsomal electron transport chain, was chosen as a representative of the microsomal membrane enzymes. The effect of pH on the enzyme activity and the effect of membrane concentration on adsorption was explored. Physical adsorption on Fractosil and hexadecyl Fractosil caused stabilization when the catalytic potential of the enzyme was followed in a continuous operation. The presence of hydrophobic ligand on Fractosil caused higher stabilization of the immobilized enzyme at 25ºC and 4ºC, making it more useful for continuous operations. It is suggested that using supports with appropriate hydrophobic groups are useful for the immobilization of biologic membranes.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 ADSORPTION OF ARSENATE ION BY Fe, Pb AND Ag-EXCHANGED FORMS OF CLINOPTILOLITE 189 193 2796 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2796 EN H. FAGHIHIAN Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, I. R. of Iran Journal Article 2003 06 13 Experiments were set up to estimate the effectiveness of clinoptilolite for the removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions. The removal of arsenate by the exchanged forms was analyzed in the light of the Langmuir model of adsorption. A kinetic study of adsorption was carried out at different intervals of time, and the Kad values were calculated by using Lagergren’s equation. Adsorption of arsenate proceeds through the formation of arsenate precipitates.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 DESIGNING A NEW RECOMBINANT STRAIN WITH ADDITIONAL COPY NUMBER OF DSZ CLUSTER TO ENHANCE BIODESULFURIZATION ACTIVITY IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ATCC 9027 195 199 2797 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2797 EN J. RAHEB National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R. of Iran, 14155-6343 SH. NAGHDI1 National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R. of Iran, 14155-6343, A. A. KARKHANE National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R. of Iran, 14155-6343 B. YAKHCHALI National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R. of Iran, 14155-6343 K. FLINT Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Journal Article 2004 01 06 The combustion of sulfur-rich fossil fuels leads to the release of acid rain-causing sulfur dioxide into the environment. The aim of this study was to enhance the efficiency of biodesulfurization using Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the duplication of the dsz cluster in this organism. One copy of the dsz cluster was inserted by a tri-parental mating method into the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 strain, and another copy in the form of a plasmid was cloned under control of a tac promoter. The recombinant Pseudomonas sp. was able to desulfurize dibenzothiophene more efficiently than the strains which contain only one copy of dsz cluster. Efficiency of dibenzothiophene (DBT) desulfurisation was measured through the release of 2-hidroxybiphenyle (2-HPB).This is the first time that an increase in desulfurisation activity through gene duplication has been shown.

Springer Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences) 1028-6276 29 1 2005 02 01 STUDY THE EFFECTS OF CdCl2 ON LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS CONTENT IN BRASSICA NAPUS 201 208 2798 10.22099/ijsts.2005.2798 EN KH. M-KALANTARI Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman H. OLOUMI International Centre of Science, High Technology & Environmental Science Journal Article 2003 11 16 Heavy metal accumulation in plants causes induction of oxidative stress. Plants have several defense systems involved in detoxifying free radicals. In the present research we treated the 15 d. seedlings of B. napus grown in pots with different concentrations of cadmium (0, 10, 50 and 100 μM) as CdCl2. After 3 weeks we measured malondealdehyde (MDA) content in leaves of treated plants as an indication of lipid peroxidation. We also measured ascorbate (ASC) and anthocyanin content as antioxidative compounds. Our results showed that a high concentration of Cd2+ causes an increase in MDA content in leaves compared with control, which is possibly due to the induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Low levels of this ion cause an increase in ASC content, while high concentrations of this ion cause a decrease in ascorbate content. It is possible that the entrance of a substrate for ASC reduction in the pathway for phytochelatin synthesis will be the cause. Anthocyanin content increased significantly in plants treated with a high concentration of Cd2+. Increase in anthocyanin content may be an important mechanism for reduction of cadmium toxicity, either by removing free radicals or compartmentation of Cd2+ in vacuole.