2024-03-29T17:19:12Z
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=540
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Tip-growth model of single carbon nanotubes
M.
Saeidi
In this paper, a new model based on kinetic theory of gases and longitude oscillations of metallic nanocluster on single carbon nanotube (CNT) in addition to phononvibrations of CNT on substrate is presented to describe the growth mechanism of ultra-long CNT in chemical vapor deposition (CVD).Interaction between CNT and catalyst is investigated by Lennard-Jones potential. Simulations demonstrate that metal nanocluster makes and keeps the carbon atoms at tip end reactive. So carbon nanotube can grow more than 1 cm. In addition, results show carbon nanotubes with larger diameter grow less owing to higher damping factors. Furthermore, effect of temperatureand type of catalyst on growth is discussed and it is shown thatthere is an optimum temperature and an optimum catalyst for growth process. Also, it is shown that the optimum temperature is changed by using different catalysts. Finally, effect of the partial pressure of decomposed hydrocarbons on the growth is also discussed. It is demonstrated that increasing partial pressure leads to the longest CNTs and influence of partial pressure on CNTs with smaller diameter is stronger. All results from the model are in good agreement with reported experimental results.
Ultra-long carbon nanotubes
Lennard-Jones potential
kinetic theory of gases
phonon vibrations
tip-growth regime
Chemical vapor deposition
2015
03
01
1
6
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2883_82ea4f94c1693669213e1032cc3d6ede.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Efficient synthesis of Benzimidazoles using zeolite, alumina and silica gel under microwave irradiation
A.
Saberi
As benzimidazole ring is an important pharmacophore in modern drug discovery and benzimidazoles are very important intermediates in organic reactions, the preparation of benzimidazoles has gained considerable attention in recent years. Here, a comparative study on the synthesis of benzimidazoles from aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic carboxylic acid, benzonitrile and o-phenylenediamine under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions is catalyzed by alumina, silica gel and zeolite is presented. All the synthesized compounds are characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, Mass and CHNS analysis.
Benzimidazole
microwave irradiation
solvent free
syntheses
2015
03
11
7
10
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2884_381f4a9f7143a858e88f6ce25c1f8701.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Phosphorous-based ionic liquids as condensing agent and medium for efficient esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols and phenols
N.
Nowrouzi
M.
Irajzadeh
N-(diphenylphosphino)triethyl- and tributylammonium salts are introduced as easily prepared, cheap and stable ionic liquids that act as the condensing agent and media for the efficient esterification of acids with alcohols and phenols. This class of ionic liquids is immiscible with the ester products and thus allows simple and easy separation of the desired products from the reaction mixture.
N-(diphenylphosphino) triethylammonium
phosphorous ionic liquid
esterification
carboxylic acids
Alcohols
Phenols
2015
03
11
11
16
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2885_603e27c560f31d85e098e6c58c4f5dfd.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Berberine improves liver injury following renal ischemia reperfusion in rats
F.
Gholampour
F.
Karimifard
S. M.
Owji
This study investigated the effect of berberine on the hepatic dysfunction and histological damage induced by renal ischaemia/ reperfusion (I/R) at an early stage. There were four groups (n=7). In Ber+I/R group, rats received berberine (Ber; 15 mg/kg/day) orally for 7 days before induction of ischemia. I/R group received distilled water orally for 7 days. In sham and Ber+sham groups in which arteries were not occluded, distilled water and berberin (15 mg/kg/day) respectively were administered orally for 7 days before surgery. Renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of both renal arteries for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and finally liver samples were preserved for future histological examination. The renal ischaemic challenge resulted in major histological damage of the liver, which was associated with increased levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALK) during reperfusion period. In Ber+I/R group, the histological damage to the liver was improved along with increase in plasma creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST, LDH and ALK being smaller than those of the non-treated rats. Berberine exhibited a hepatoameliorative effect against renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced lesions.
Berberine
Renal ischaemia/reperfusion
Liver
Alanine aminotransferase
Aspartate aminotransferase
Lactate dehydrogenase
2015
03
11
17
23
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2886_f3f8a03315ea04287c59f739b4cc6ba8.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Experimental breaking of water/oil emulsions aimed at development of a water separation bacterial process in oil industries
G.
Mohebali
A.
Kaytash
N.
Etemadi
Microbial demulsifiers represent a potentially important product for the petroleum industry due to their specific modes of action, relative ease of preparation, biodegradability and low toxicity. An extracellular demulsifier, capable of the rapid break up of model multiple water-crude oil emulsions was obtained from the bacterial isolate Ochrobactrum anthropi RIPI5-1. Demulsifying activity of the cell-free culture filtrate was not age dependent. The time course of demulsification by the whole culture and cell-free culture filtrate showed a similar pattern; the rate of demulsification was 5.21 h-1 and the emulsion half-life time (t1/2) was 5 h. The potential activity of the filtrate was also examined using a complex oilfield emulsion; demulsifying activity (DeI16) was calculated as 42%. Demulsifying activity of whole culture, cell-free culture filtrate and whole cells of strain RIPI5-1 was found to be associated with both the cell surface and extracellularly. Fractionation of the filtrate showed that demulsifying activity was a function of several compounds. The presence of various active demulsifying compounds may explain the ability of the filtrate to break up various crude oil emulsions and therefore represents a promising new technology.
Demulsification
biosurfactants
water/oil (w/o) emulsions
water separation
Bacteria
2015
03
11
25
33
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2887_b1fdbe7501eaf654d7e7d6246faf2343.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
On modelling of two-dimensional MHD flow with induced magnetic field: solution of peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid in a channel
Z.
Abbas
M.
Sajid
N.
Ali
T.
Javed
The aim of present paper is to provide mathematical modelling for the two-dimensional MHD flow with induced magnetic field. The flaws in the already existing equations have been pointed out. The results of low magnetic Reynolds number approximation are recovered as a special case from the developed equations. As an example, the peristaltic flow for a couple stress fluid in a channel is considered. For the solution of the problem the governing equations are simplified under the realistic assumption of long wavelength. Exact solution of the problem is presented and some features of peristaltic motion have been discussed. It is observed that the applied magnetic field increases the pressure rise in the pumping region. However, the presence of applied electric field reduced it in that region. It is also found that the stream function is independent of applied electric field.
Two-dimensional flow induced magnetic field
Mathematical modelling
peristaltic motion
planar channel
2015
03
11
35
43
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2888_43a2cecfdfb7731773704d5780e80622.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
On the Petrovsky Inverse Problem with Memory Term and Nonlinear Boundary Feedback
M.
Shahrouzi
In this paper we consider a Petrovsky viscoelastic inverse source problem with memory term in the boundary condition. We obtain sufficient conditions on relaxation function and initial data for which the solutions of problem are asymptotically stable when the integral overdetermination tends to zero as time goes to infinity.
Inverse problem
asymptotic stability
boundary feedback
2015
03
11
45
50
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2889_2c8ee43c7df3220ff412e91f3541dd9c.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
The soil-plant relationship of Salsola orientalis S. G. Gmel. and its use in mineral prospecting from the Forumad area, Sabzevar ophiolite, Iran
M. A.
Rajabzadeh
E.
Ghasemkhani
A.
Khosravi
Biogeochemical investigation on S. orientalis, a flora growing on the soils derived from serpentinized dunite in the Forumad area, Sabzevar ophiolite has been conducted in order to examine the plant-soil relationship in chromite prospecting. Due to engagement of Cr in the chromite crystal structure and its non-essential role in the plant’s life cycle, Ni was used as pathfinder element in biogeochemical prospecting of chromite deposits. Quantitative estimation of Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cr, Ni and Co in soils and different plant organs of S. orientalis by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) revealed that the leaf stem is the most reliable organ for ore prospecting in the Forumad area. Determination of bio-concentration factor (BCF) for Cr, Ni and Co in S. orientalis explicitly demonstrated that the flora adopts exclusion and accumulation mechanisms for Cr-Co and Ni, respectively. Current research signifies the excellent correlation between Cr and Ni (0.91) in host soil of the S. orientalis and the tendency of the plant to absorb Ni selectively enhances the chance of sampling the plant’s leaf as a biogeochemical medium for the exploration of new hidden mineral deposits in the Sabzevar ophiolite belt as well as the other similar settings.
Soil
Salsola orientalis
biogeochemical prospecting
Sabzevar ophiolite
2015
03
11
51
58
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2890_37b5a2c72f2aa79e362b6184fb11f44b.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Interval Type-2 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Modeling of the Chaotic Systems Based on Variations in Initial Conditions
G.
Hassanifard
A. A.
Gharaveisi
M. A.
Vali
Chaotic systems are nonlinear dynamic systems, the main feature of which is high sensitivity to initial conditions. To initiate a design process in fuzzy model, chaotic systems must first be represented by T-S fuzzy models. In this paper, a new fuzzy modeling method based on sector nonlinearity approach has been recommended for chaotic systems relating to initial condition variations using the interval type-2 Takagi–Sugeno (IT2 T-S) fuzzy model. Examining many famous chaotic systems, it can be seen that nonlinear terms in chaotic systems are composed of just one variable or more. In the process of constructing an IT2 T-S fuzzy model which represents the chaotic systems, authors will focus on nonlinear terms of the chaotic systems. The proposed interval type-2 Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling method is employed for two kinds of nonlinear terms; at first, a uni-variable nonlinear term is presented and then a multi-variable one will be introduced. So, it will be shown how many famous chaotic systems are represented by IT2 T-S fuzzy model. Then the proposed approach is applied to Genesio-Tesi and Rossler systems. Numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in MATLAB environment.
Chaotic modeling
footprint of uncertainty
interval type-2 fuzzy system
lower and upper membership functions
sector nonlinearity
2015
03
11
59
67
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2891_65cf3a4e099773233438fa0254f93674.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
The block LSMR method: a novel efficient algorithm for solving non-symmetric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides
F.
Toutounian
M.
Mojarrab
It is well known that if the coefficient matrix in a linear system is large and sparse or sometimes not readily available, then iterative solvers may become the only choice. The block solvers are an attractive class of iterative solvers for solving linear systems with multiple right-hand sides. In general, the block solvers are more suitable for dense systems with preconditioner. In this paper, we present a novel block LSMR (least squares minimal residual) algorithm for solving non-symmetric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides. This algorithm is based on the block bidiagonalization and LSMR algorithm and derived by minimizing the 2-norm of each column of normal equation. Then, we give some properties of the new algorithm. In addition, the convergence of the stated algorithm is studied. In practice, we also observe that the Frobenius norm of residual matrix decreases monotonically. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency of the new method in comparison with the traditional LSMR method.
LSMR method
bidiagonalization
block methods
iterative methods
multiple right-hand sides
2015
03
11
69
78
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2892_bddbbb904597e5c0c1d0acea5bbd4902.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Shale geological features of Qiujiahe (Є1q) and Longmaxi (S1ln) Formation
J.
Du Yu
J.
Chuan Zhang
The main purpose of this research paper is to compare Qiujiahe Formation (Є1q) and Longmaxi Formation (S1ln) in north Sichuan basin where shale gas exploration has not been fully researched, and hence represents the possibility of shale gas concentration under the complex geological conditions. Based on valid laboratorial analysis, there are optimistic prospects for Є1q and S1ln of research area for shale gas exploitation. For shale gas preservation, general geological settings as Paleozoic marine depositions of Є1q and S1ln are relatively favorable. Both formations possess the advantages in shale gas generation and preservation, respectively. However, Qiujiahe Formation (Є1q) can be a more favorable target for shale gas exploration.
Shale gas
southwest China
Longmen mountain
Longmaxi formation
Qiujiahe formation
2015
03
11
79
89
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2893_a9032117115585a52a8a1e16a2b75cf1.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Modified chain least squares method and some numerical results
F.
Goharee
E.
Babolian
A.
Abdollahi
Recently, in order to increase the efficiency of least squares method in numerical solution of ill-posed problems, the chain least squares method is presented in a recurrent process by Babolian et al. Despite the fact that the given method has many advantages in terms of accuracy and stability, it does not have any stopping criterion and has high computational cost. In this article, the attempt is to decrease the computational cost of chain least squares method by introducing the modified least squares method based on stopping criterion. Numerical results show that the modified method has high accuracy and stability and because of its low computational cost, it can be considered as an efficient numerical method.
Chain least squares
Lagrange multipliers method
Ill- posed problem
Integral equations
Singular second order initial value differential equations
2015
03
11
91
99
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2894_2cded67cfc0c22edc003acdc117bdff2.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Some notes on differential hyperrings
L.
Kamali Ardekani
B.
Davvaz
In this paper, we introduce the notion of derivation on Krasner hyperrings as follows: the function d : R R isa derivation on a Krasner hyperring R if for all , , Ry x ) ( ) ( = ) ( y d x d y x d andd (x y) d (x) y x d ( y). Then, we investigate some fundamental properties of derivation on Krasnerhyperings and prime Krasner hyperrings. Also, we introduce differential Krasner hyperingsand discuss some relatedproperties.
Krasner hyperring
prime Krasner hyperring
hyperideal
derivation
differential hyperring
2015
03
11
101
111
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2895_4dbe71a7781d2e8b50e91696e7b3d2f0.pdf
Iranian Journal of Science
ISTT
2731-8095
2731-8095
2015
39
1
Spectrograph design for astronomical telescopes
A.
karimzadeh
Many astronomy studies are based on spectral measurements of the stars and heavenly bodies. In this paper, high-resolution spectrograph is designed to be used in the large astronomical telescope. By adding this system, the best use of large astronomical telescope such as national telescope change can be done. Spectrograph slit can be placed in the focal plane of astronomical telescope or the focused beam transferred with an optical system from the focal plane to the slit of spectrograph.
Spectrograph
Telescope
echelle grating
resolution power
2015
03
11
113
115
https://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2896_7bb7edf620e27940660714913788defe.pdf